Witnesses testified that the company that operated an experimental deep-water submersible that imploded, killing five people, put profits over safety and ignored warning signs before the disaster.
Several company officials, meanwhile, spoke of the explorer spirit and taking calculated risks to push humankind鈥檚 boundaries.
Those different viewpoints emerged as the Coast Guard panel on Friday wraps up two weeks of testimony on the Titan disaster last year. The panel is tasked with determining why the carbon-fiber submersible was lost 12,500 feet (3,810 meters) deep on the ocean floor near the wreck of the Titanic.
Testimony painted contrasting images of greed and hubris as OceanGate sought out well-heeled clients for its submersible made from carbon fiber 鈥� a material that was untested at such depths 鈥� versus modern-day explorers who carefully considered risks as they sought to open the deepest depths of the world鈥檚 oceans to more people.
On Friday, Matthew McCoy, a Coast Guard veteran who served for several months as operations technician for OceanGate, also said he had safety concerns when he learned the company broke ties with the University of Washington鈥檚 applied physics lab, that Boeing wasn鈥檛 going to construct the carbon fiber hull, and that the thickness of the hull had been reduced.
He also had concerns about the financial model when he learned there would be paying passengers.
At a lunch meeting to raise concerns, OceanGate co-founder Stockston Rush told McCoy the vessel would be flagged in the Bahamas and launched from Canada to avoid U.S. regulations, McCoy said. McCoy said there could be U.S. regulatory concerns if it went to a U.S. port and Rush told him, 鈥淚f the Coast Guard became a problem, then he would buy himself a congressman and make it go away.鈥�
McCoy said it was a 鈥渢ense鈥� conversation and that he was 鈥渁ghast.鈥� He resigned.
Guillermo Sohnlein, who helped found OceanGate with Rush, described the lofty goal 鈥渢o give humanity greater access to the ocean, specifically the deep ocean.鈥� Using carbon fiber for the pressure hull was hardly a novel idea, he said, and noted Rush himself was the first human to test the design.
But former operations director David Lochridge said the company was committed only to profit making.
鈥淭he whole idea behind the company was to make money,鈥� he testified. 鈥淭here was very little in the way of science.鈥�
Witnesses could not even agree on what to call the wealthy clients who paid $250,000 for the experience. Some said they were simply passengers, even though OceanGate called them 鈥渕ission specialists鈥� who were given tasks.
Killed in the implosion were Rush and four others including , who was director of underwater research for RMS Titanic, which holds the legal rights to salvage the wreck of the ship. Nargeolet鈥檚 family is suing for more than $50 million, accusing the sub鈥檚 operator of gross negligence.
The carbon-fiber pressure hull of Titan was the subject of much of the discussion. An expert witness, Roy Thomas, senior principal engineer at the American Bureau of Shipping, testified that carbon-fiber may be strong and light, but that it鈥檚 tricky to manufacture. Carbon fiber also is 鈥渟usceptible to fatigue failure鈥� under repeated pressurization and salt water can weaken the material in multiple ways, he said.
Coast Guard officials noted at the start of the hearing, held in South Carolina, that the submersible had not been independently reviewed, as is standard practice.
Witnesses testified they had heard loud cracking sounds in past descents. And scientific director Steven Ross said that, on a dive just a few days before the Titan imploded, the vessel became unstable because of a ballast problem, causing passengers to tumble and crash into a bulkhead.
During its final dive on June 18, 2023, the crew lost contact after an exchange of texts as it descended. One of the last messages from Titan鈥檚 crew to the Polar Prince support ship before the submersible imploded stated, 鈥渁ll good here.鈥� The crew of Polar Prince, meanwhile, grew increasingly concerned.
Ships, planes and other equipment assembled for a rescue operation about 435 miles (700 kilometers) south of St. John鈥檚, Newfoundland. Wreckage of the Titan was subsequently found on the ocean floor about 330 yards (300 meters) off the bow of the Titanic, Coast Guard officials said.
